J. P. Sharma , B. P. Nonhare

Abstract

Sal forests in our country are depleting due to various reasons. Sal forests are very important not only for timber but for maintaining biodiversity. Sal regeneration has always been a problem throughout the country. The paper discusses the result of regeneration trial of Sal carried out in South Sarguja Forest Division (Chhattisgarh) in 1985. The result of the trial indicates that seed broadcast in well ploughed soil immediately after seed fall in well protected area gives profuse regeneration. Seedlings were spaced out in second year by removing congested seedlings. The maximum height attained in thirteenth year of sowing is 13m and girth at breast height 61cm. If the adverse factors e.g. grazing, fire and hardness of soil are eliminated, profuse regeneration and subsequent establishment of sal is obtained. In Sal areas where regeneration is lacking, this technique of regeneration can be fruitful with providing strict protection to the area concerned.

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J. P. Sharma , B. P. Nonhare

Abstract

Sal forests in our country are depleting due to various reasons. Sal forests are very important not only for timber but for maintaining biodiversity. Sal regeneration has always been a problem throughout the country. The paper discusses the result of regeneration trial of Sal carried out in South Sarguja Forest Division (Chilattisgarh) in 1985. The result of the trial indicates that seed broadcast in well ploughed soil immediately after seed fall in well protected area gives profuse regeneration. Seedlings were spaced out in second year by removing congested seedlings. The maximum height attained in thirteenth year of sowing is 13m and girth at breast height 61cm. If the adverse factors e.g. grazing, fire and hardness of soil are eliminated, profuse regeneration and subsequent establishment of sal is obtained. In Sal areas where regeneration is lacking, this technique of regeneration can be fruitful with providing strict protection to the area concerned.

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B. P. Nonhare , J. P. Sharma

Abstract

No abstract

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N. B. Singh , J. P. Sharma , S. K. Huse , I. K. Thakur , R. K. Gupta , H. P. Sankhyan

Abstract

Juvenile growth traits were studied in the recently introduced clones of Salix species from twelve countries including Croatia, Sweden, Italy, Hungary, Turkey, Japan, Yugoslavia, UK, Belgium, New Zealand, Germany and USA which were screened in the nursery by applying 'augmented completely randomized design' with three check clones (SI-64-017, SI-63-007, Kashmiri willow). Significant differences were recorded for morphological traits among test clones and test verses check clones except in leaf length among test clones and volume index, leaf length and petiole length among check verses test clones. The clones SI-63-016, J-799, PN-722, NZ-1002, PN-733, PN-731, SN-2, S × 61, 194 and 084/03 were found superior to check clones for the growth traits viz., plant height, basal diameter and volume index. Heritability in broad sense (91.08 %) and genetic gain (75.24 %) was found highest for leaf breadth and volume index, respectively. Maximum positive and significant correlation coefficient (0.959) was recorded for basal diameter with volume index. Principal component analysis through correlation matrix revealed that three out of eight components contributed 85.03 per cent of the overall variation out of which the first principal component (λ=3.086) explained 38.57 per cent of the variance weighted maximum (0.937) by volume index. These promising clones selected under the present study will be further tested under multi-location trials to study the genotype x environment interaction at different sites for analysis of suitability of clones.

Keywords

Phenotypic coefficient of variation, Genotypic coefficient of variation, Principal component, Heritability

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Poonam ¹, I. K. Thakur ¹, J. P. Sharma ¹, N. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources Dr Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Nauni-173230, Solan (Himachal Pradesh)

Abstract

Correlation studies were performed for progenies of thirty two plus tree on growth and fodder quality characterstics of Bauhinia variegata. A positive and highly significant correlation existed between basal diameter and number of branches (0.798), leaf area and lamina length (0.846). Significant and positive correlation was also observed between basal diameter and plant height (0.547), plant height and number of branches (0.520), highly significant and positive correlation existed between leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight (0.984), phenotypic correlation coefficients were lower than their corresponding genotypic values. This could be either due to the modifying effect of environment or the strong inherent association of characters at genetic level. High significant and positive phenotypic (0.761) and genotypic (0.833) correlation existed between number of branches and basal diameter. Highly significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were observed between leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight (0.989). Leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight showed significant correlation with most of the morphometric traits. Simple correlation of morphometric traits with mineral nutrients were found non-significant. Genotypic correlation coefficients were found greater than phenotypic for most of the morphometric and leaf fodder traits.

Keywords

Bauhinia Variegata, Correlation, Morphometric Traits And Fodder Quality

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N. B. Singh ¹, Punit Choudhary ¹, Santosh Joshi ¹, D. K. Srivastava ¹, J. P. Sharma ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.) 173230, IN

Abstract

Twenty-five promising willow (Salix spp.) clones were selected after nursery screening twice, collected from six countries. Genetic relatedness among the clones was estimated using RAPD markers. Out of 20 primers tested, 16 primers were selected based on the amplification of DNA. A total of 339 bands were scored of which 338 were polymorphic showing high (99.7%) rate of polymorphism. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.71 to 0.87. These clones were grouped into six different clusters. Clone PN-733 (Salix nigra from New Zealand) appeared to be the most diverse (76 %) from rest of the genotypes on the basis of dendrogram. Maximum similarity (87%) was observed between clones SI-63-007 (S. alba from Italy) and V-99 (Salix alba X S. rubens from Croatia). RAPD analysis proved helpful for estimating the magnitude of genetic diversity at molecular level. The clustering further indicated that the geographic distribution may not be the true index of genetic diversity in willow clones. The marker system was found useful for developing unique fingerprints of three genotypes. On the basis of banding pattern RAPD's were effectively used for molecular characterization of willow clones used in this study.

Keywords

RAPD, Willow, Genetic Diversity, Characterization, Polymorphism

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I. K. Thakur ¹, Sapna Thakur ¹, N. B. Singh ¹, R. K. Gupta ¹, J. P. Sharma ¹, M. Sankanur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, COF, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173 230, H.P., IN

Abstract

The present study on Ulmus villosa was carried out in Himachal Pradesh to know the progeny performance and estimate genetic variability for biomass traits of progenies at nursery stage. Seeds were collected from five mother trees each at six seed sources and progenies were raised. All the biomass characters varied significantly among different seed sources and trees within seed source. Root dry weight was found to have higher coefficient of variability, whereas shoot dry weight and shoot fresh weight had higher heritability with moderate genetic gain suggesting their importance for the success of improvement through selection. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations for all possible pairs were also found out and discussed. Highly significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were observed for fresh shoot weight with fresh ischolar_main weight and fresh shoot weight with dry shoot weight indicating their significance in the indirect selection.

Keywords

Seed Source, Genetic Variability, Progeny, Biomass Traits, Correlation, Phenotypic, And Genotypic Correlations

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Sapna Thakur ¹, I. K. Thakur ¹, N. B. Singh ¹, J. P. Sharma ¹, M. Sankanur ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, College of forestry Dr. Y.s. Parmar University of Horticulture and forestry, Nauni, Solan- 173 230 Himachal Pradesh, India, IN

Abstract

Molecular diversity among 23 promising progenies of Ulmus villosa, which were raised from the seeds collected from various seed sources in Himachal Pradesh (India), was estimated using 10 RAPD primers. A total of 57 markers were generated, all of the 10 primers showed 100 per cent polymorphism. The similarity coefficient among 23 progenies of U. villosa ranged from 0.00 to 0.70. In which, progeny Jugahan-T<SUB>3</SUB> was found to be the most divergent which separated 3 itself from rest of the progenies at similarity value (0.04) and could be used as a parent in hybridization programme and further improvement programmes. The progenies were grouped into 4 clusters. The cluster II consisted maximum of 12 progenies followed by cluster III (5 progenies), cluster IV (4 progenies) whereas cluster I consisted of single progeny. RAPD analysis proved helpful for estimating the magnitude of genetic diversity at molecular level.

Keywords

RAPD, Ulmus villosa, Progenies, Genetic Diversity.

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Santosh Kumar A. Huse ¹, N. B. Singh ¹, Punit Choudhary ², J. P. Sharma ¹, I. K. Thakur ¹, Ratan Kumar Anand ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and forestry Nauni, Solan, H. P., IN
2 Sher- E- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

Twenty-three tree willow clones comprising of seven species were studied for variability of photosynthetic traits and their relationship at one year age. Photosynthesis, transpiration and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi) were determined and the data were further subjected for the estimation of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variability (GCV and PCV), heritability and genetic gain (as per cent of mean). Variability estimates were calculated for growth parameters viz., height, collar diameter, volume index, number of branches, number of nodes, internodal length, leaf display and leaf area. Among all the parameters volume index showed widest range of values (9.29-721.50, mean 356.42). The narrowest range was recorded for leaf display (195.0-291.0, mean 238.17). The maximum GCV (39.99) was recorded for transpiration, followed by photosynthesis (38.36) and least in case of WUEi (19.71). Heritability (h² b.s.) was recorded maximum (85.30) for transpiration, (80.00) for photosynthesis and (26.55) for WUEi. A positive significant correlation (r= 0.754) was observed between photosynthesis and transpiration. WUEi showed significant negative correlation (r = -0.364) with transpiration whereas positive non significant (r = 0.209) with photosynthesis. Selection of both traits i.e. photosynthesis rate and WUE are important in order to make photosynthesis more effective using water efficiently to produce higher yield.

Keywords

Salix, Photosynthesis, Transpiration Wuei, Heritability, Genetic Gains And Genetic Correlation.

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J. P. Sharma ¹, N. B. Singh ¹, I. K. Thakur ¹, Punit Chaudhary ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (H.P.), IN
2 KVK, Rajouri, SKAUST, Jammu, J&K, IN

Abstract

The species and hybrids of willows were procured during 2002-04 from twenty countries and subjected to nursery screening. To test the field performance the selected 15 promising clones were planted in farmers fields in March, 2007. The five years growth performance depicted that clone J-194 had highest plant height (16.66 m), diameter at breast 3 height (19.97 cm) and volume index (0.679m³) along with most straight bole (4.60). The clones Kashmiri willow (16.08 m) and PN-722 (16.00 m) were at par with J-194 for height growth followed by the clones NZ1002 (15.18 m), J-799(14.63 m), J-795 (13.38 m) and PN-733 (13.34 m). The clones PN-722 (18.82 cm) and J-799 (17.80 cm) showed diameter growth (DBH) at par with clone J-194. Straightness of J-799 (4.50), J-795(4.38), SI-63-007(4.21), SI-64-017(4.09), PN 722 (4.04) and V-99(3.75) clones was at par with J-194. Heritability estimates (broad sense) of the traits ranged from 64.80 per cent in volume index to 94.67 per cent in bole straightness. On the basis of initial screening in field conditions clones namely J-194, J-799, J-795, PN 722 and NZ 1002 were found suitable for large scale plantation in this area.

Keywords

Willows, Straightness, Growth, Genetic Gain, Volume Index.

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